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KOBIA: What works: A case for selecting Cabinet secretaries

The selection should transcend mere constitutional compliance and be guided by pivotal attributes.

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by Josephine Mayuya

Opinion31 July 2024 - 03:00

In Summary


  • Character and integrity are non-negotiable; appointees should have a history of ethical conduct and dedication to public service, free from corruption
  • The President needs to find a balance between political realities and the need for competent and ethical leadership to gain public support.
Cabinet nominees Hassan Hoho, Opiyo Wandayi, John Mbadi and Wycliffe Oparanya
Leadership is a privilege to better the lives of others. It is not an opportunity to satisfy personal greed.

As President William Ruto responds to the demands of Gen Z reforms, various stakeholders want a Cabinet of accountable, servant leaders professionals with high standards of ethical values.

The selection of Cabinet secretaries has consistently been a crucial matter as it has substantial implications for governance and public trust in government. It has often involved appointing individuals with political backing or were close associates of the appointing authority.

The current situation, coming when people are paying more attention to integrity, competence, character and political expediency, calls for a comprehensive assessment.

Article 152 of the Constitution mandates the President to nominate and, subject to the approval of the National Assembly, appoint Cabinet secretaries. Notably, they are precluded from being MPs – for checks and balances.

Furthermore, Article 73 underscores the principles of leadership and integrity, emphasising that state officers should exemplify respect for the people, bring honour and dignity to the nation, and uphold public trust.

Further, the vetting process in parliament's goal is to ensure that the person appointed to the Cabinet is most suited for the role. Kenyans, and especially Gen Z, will be watching more keenly this time around.


To build a robust and effective Cabinet, the selection should thus transcend mere constitutional compliance and be guided by several pivotal attributes.

Qualifications are indispensable, with academic and professional credentials pertinent to the designated portfolios, such as a strong background in medical sciences or public health administration for a CS for Health.

Character and integrity are non-negotiable, ensuring that appointees have a history of ethical conduct and dedication to public service, free from corruption and personal gain.

Experience in leading institutions and managing sizable teams is crucial, demonstrating the ability to handle complex governance issues and implement policies effectively.

A strong track record, evidenced by past accomplishments and a history of developing and implementing public policies that have positively impacted society, is essential to show the individual's capability to support the President, drive progress and achieve tangible results for a better inclusive life for all.

The appointment of CSs is not devoid of risks. Political considerations often overshadow merit, leading to appointments that may not serve the public interest. There is also the issue of vested interests and conflicts of interest undermining effective governance.

Assumptions about the capacity and willingness of appointees to reform and enhance their sectors necessitate thorough critical examination.

Gen Z movements have questioned governance theories and brought new thinking of how to change the governance system to fit the purpose.

The President thus has a huge responsibility of guiding, leading and supporting the Cabinet members to deliver as a team. In other words, the President needs to find a balance between political realities and the need for competent and ethical leadership to gain public support.

Gen Z has emerged as a pivotal force in advocating governance reforms through social media activism and grassroots movements. This tech-savvy demographic brings new energy and perspectives to the governance landscape, staging an era of more participatory governance.

However, the ultimate goal of these efforts is still unclear and that need not worry us since we are living in an ever rapidly changing global environment.


Good governance isn't just about appointing the right individuals to Cabinet positions, it's about creating a system where merit, integrity, and accountability are the cornerstones of public service.

The government should listen and understand the specific needs of young people and establish platforms for dialogue and collaboration, ensuring that their voices are heard and their ideas are included in policymaking.

While region balancing is important, anything that advocates tribal considerations is not progressive and anti-Gen Z-driven reforms.

The process of selecting Cabinet secretaries should be therefore approached holistically, beyond political expediency.

Adhering to constitutional requirements, focusing on essential qualities, addressing systemic issues, and engaging all stakeholders, including the vibrant Gen Z, will help Kenya move towards a more effective and accountable governance system.

Good governance isn't just about appointing the right individuals to Cabinet positions, it's about creating a system where merit, integrity, and accountability are the cornerstones of public service.

Further, capacity building for the appointed Cabinet to understand how government and public service work is very important. Public service world over has established structures and systems that support the role of Cabinet secretary.

The interface between senior public servants such as Principal Secretaries, directors and Cabinet secretary is navigated with a high level of emotional intelligence to achieve a win-win outcome for the nation.

As former President Mwai Kibaki stated, "Leadership is a privilege to better the lives of others. It is not an opportunity to satisfy personal greed."

Let's take this to heart as we strive to improve the process of selecting Cabinet Secretaries and, by extension, the governance of our beloved country.

Former Cabinet Secretary, Public Service, Youth, Gender and Social Protection


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