There are several kinds of gender-based violence, including emotional, psychological, sexual and physical.
Female genital mutilation, murder committed in the pretext of "honour", forced and early marriage and sex trafficking are a few examples.
Intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence are two of the most common forms of violence experienced by women.
Globally, about one in three women have at some point in their lives been the victim of one or both of these types of abuse.
The '16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence' is a globally recognised campaign that spans from November 25, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, to December 10, Human Rights Day.
During this crucial period, individuals, organisations and communities unite in a collective effort to raise awareness and combat gender-based violence. The campaign serves as a powerful platform to advocate for policy changes, promote educational initiatives, amplify the voices of survivors and engage in diverse activities that challenge societal norms.
Over the past few years, four citizen-led initiatives have been tirelessly fighting against various forms of violence across Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and India.
Josephine Mwende from Kenya underscores in her petition the urgent need for equitable healthcare access for women with cerebral palsy during pregnancy and childbirth, shedding light on the grim reality of obstetric violence. Obstetric violence encompasses various forms of mistreatment, disrespect and abuse experienced by women during childbirth, constituting a profound violation of their rights and dignity. As a single mother, she was born with a condition known as cerebral palsy and faced discrimination by various hospitals when she wanted to deliver her baby.
In August, she met with Health CS Susan Nakhumicha to present her campaign. So far, Josephine has been at the forefront of championing her campaign for disability-inclusive healthcare, taking bold steps, such as writing opinion articles on the matter and speaking on local and national radio shows, TV special features and interviews.
The 16 Days of Activism goes beyond raising awareness by encouraging tangible actions at both individual and community levels. Human rights lawyer and activist Sagina Walyat from India has been advocating for women’s legal rights for the last few years among rural and urban women.
The Indian government has launched several women helpline numbers, majorly 181 and 1091, for women to access help when in distress. But over the years, the number of calls made to the women's helpline number 1091 has dropped when compared to 2021, as per Delhi Police data. This led to her running a campaign asking the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas to publicise the women’s helpline numbers on the LPG cylinders that are used by 305 million households across the country.
Sagina's organisation, the Beacon of Rights, works on women and human rights, focusing on education and SRHR rights for the rural women population and securing social justice impact. The organisation also seeks to shrink the gender legal literacy gap in India with pro-bono legal awareness and assistance. “On this 16 Days of Activism, I call for a world where everyone, regardless of gender, can live free from violence and discrimination,” Sagina says.
Priye Diri from Nigeria is a young feminist filmmaker and development expert with experience in sexual and Gender-Based Violence Response and Prevention. She has been running a campaign asking to waive medical bills for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence in Abuja.
“As an SGBV first responder, every day, I listen to stories of women and girls who have survived SGBV,” she said.
“As I walk with them to access justice, I have seen the cost of justice and the lifelong impact it can have on lives.”
She has engaged the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency to deliver her petition and discuss how more than 30,000 Primary Healthcare Centres in Nigeria can ensure confidentiality and care when dealing with GBV cases.
She’s currently working on a short film which she plans to premiere before the end of the year, highlighting the burden of GBV in Nigeria. As part of the 16 Days of Activism, she plans to engage the Ministry of Women Affairs and the Ministry of Health in Abuja. The US government recently recognised her incredible work as she was awarded the Mandela Washington Fellowship founded by President Obama in 2010.
Some 440km away from Johannesburg, South Africa, 34-year-old Innocent Madonsela was shocked to see the ill practice of ‘Funelani nganeno/Ukuthwala’ in Nkomazi local municipality. This is a practice where minor girls are kidnapped, assaulted and raped by older men. The men then take the girls to their parental home the next day with an offer of marriage in exchange for a token fee. Both families agree to the informal, illegal, undocumented “marriage” without the consent of the girl.
“This tradition is not only happening in my village. Recently, there have been reports that children as young as 10 have fallen pregnant in the last year with KwaZulu-Natal recording 26,515 pregnancies of young girls aged 10 and 19 in eight months.”, says Innocent. He has helped over 20 young girls in the past 12 months. He wants to ensure help reaches every vulnerable girl and that’s what drove him to start an online petition urging the Human Rights Commission to intervene and protect young girls and stop the practice of “funelani nganeno”. Innocent’s campaign made this advocacy a national issue and he has engaged several stakeholders including the South African Police, the Human Rights Commission, the Gender Commission, and the Council of Traditional Leaders to put an end to this practice and teen pregnancy in Nkomazi. His petition is supported by more than 10,000 people and continues to keep growing.
In a remarkable convergence of purpose, Josephine, Sagina, Priye, and Innocent find themselves united despite geographical distances, their common ground being the formidable force of change they embody as leaders within the Nguvu Collective. The term "Nguvu," translating to "power" in Swahili, encapsulates the essence of this collective endeavour. Operating as The Power Collective, Nguvu empowers emerging leaders hailing from marginalised communities. Their mission is to fortify these individuals socially and personally, arming them with the strength to enact significant, positive transformations within society. Bound by a shared commitment, these change leaders exemplify the transformative potential inherent in the collective pursuit of empowerment and social change.