ABDISAMAD : Pan-African movement: Origins, philosophy and guiding principles

The Pan-African movement, a powerful and enduring ideology seeking to unify, embolden and uplift all people of African descent worldwide, has its origins, philosophies and guiding principles deeply rooted in the collective historical struggles against enslavement, colonisation and racial discrimination. Pan-Africanism remains to be the only viable idea that can unite Africans, protect the continent's resources, facilitate intra-continental trade and enhance Africa's standing on the globe.

Origins of pan-Africanism

The genesis of the movement can be traced to the late 19th century when African diasporas in the Americas and Europe began to advocate the rights and freedom of people of African descent. Among the many seminal figures in the early Pan-African movement was Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinidadian lawyer who organised the first known Pan-African conference in London in 1900. This conference brought together African and AfroCaribbean intellectuals, activists and leaders to discuss the plight of Africans under colonial rule and to propose strategies for achieving political and social rights.

Another key figure was W.E.B. Du Bois, an African-American sociologist and historian, who played a crucial role in organising subsequent Pan-African congresses. Du Bois emphasised the need for Africans to unite and fight against colonialism and racism.

Pan-Africanism, as we know it today, came to fore on the African continent and began taking shape in the early 20th century as a response to European colonial rule, racial discrimination and domination of African peoples in the lands of their forefathers.

Early philosophies and guiding principles

Pan-Africanism was initially guided by several core philosophies and principles that sought to inspire a sense of solidarity and collective identity among Africans. One of the primary philosophies was the idea of African unity, which posited that the diverse peoples of Africa shared a common destiny and that their liberation could only be achieved through collective action. This philosophy is deeply influenced by the African concept of 'Ubuntu', which emphasises communal bonds and mutual support.

Another guiding principle was the quest for self-determination and independence from colonial rule. Pan-Africanists believed that Africans had the right to fully govern themselves and to determine their own political, economic and social systems. Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana, eloquently articulated this principle that declared, "The independence of Ghana is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of Africa."

Furthermore, pan-Africanism was driven by a commitment to social justice and equality. Early pan-Africanists sought to dismantle the structures of racism and oppression that had, for so long, heavily marginalised Africans and people of African descent. They also at the same time advocated the recognition of African cultures, histories and contributions to global civilisation, challenging the pervasive stereotypes and misconceptions about Africa.

Pan-Africanism and post-independence Africa

As African countries gained independence from colonial rule in the mid-20th century, the movement provided a framework for continental solidarity and cooperation. The formation of the Organization of African Unity in 1963 was then a significant milestone in making institutional pan-African ideals. The OAU aimed to promote unity and solidarity among African states, defend their sovereignty and accelerate the process of political and economic integration. The pan-African vision also inspired efforts to address the economic challenges facing the newly independent African states.

Contemporary relevance of Pan-Africanism

In today's world, pan-Africanism remains a vital and necessary ideology for the continent's progress and prosperity. The legacy of colonialism has left Africa behind with arbitrary borders, ethnic divisions and political fragmentation. Pan-Africanism, with its emphasis on unity and solidarity, offers a pathway to transcending these insignificant divisions and fostering a sense of common purpose.

Moreover, pan-Africanism can be a crucial tool for the safeguarding of Africa's abundant natural resources against exploitation. The African continent is rich in resources yet these have often been exploited by foreign powers, fuelling wars, chaos and conflict while also leaving little benefit for the local populations.

A united African front can negotiate better equitable terms for resource extraction, ensure that revenues are invested in sustainable development and protect the environment from degradation. Pan-Africanism also has the potential to facilitate intra-continental trade and economic integration.

Pan-African solutions are crucial for resolving Africa's issues such as resource competition, political instability, armed conflict, border tensions and disputes because they emphasise homegrown, contextually relevant approaches to addressing these challenges. Unlike external interventions, which are influenced by foreign interests and do not fully understand local dynamics, pan-African conflict resolving mechanisms should always take the precedence.

Lastly, pan-Africanism can enhance Africa's standing on the global stage. In a world characterised by geopolitical competition and shifting alliances, a united Africa can wield greater influence in international forums, advocate more effectively for its interests and contribute to global peace and security. By speaking with one voice, African countries can challenge unfair trade practices and assert their rightful place in global decision-making processes that so overlooks Africa’s contributions.

Political commentator