Africa Child Policy Forum (ACPF) on May 30, stated there is an increase in online sexual exploitation and abuse of children (OSEAC) in Africa, with Kenya featuring among the hotspots.
Child Fund International - Africa Region and the Africa Child Policy Forum have revealed that in some countries, around a fifth of children under 17 have received unsolicited online requests to talk about sex or sexual acts.
According to the stakeholders, up to 13 per cent of 12 to 17-year-olds were threatened or blackmailed to engage in sexual activities online and how deep the vice is entrenching its roots with increased access to technology tools and the internet.
“The pervasive attitude that online crimes are not real crimes has created an atmosphere of virtual lawlessness,” said ACF’s Executive Director, Joan Nyanyuki.
“Africa is witnessing a problem that is sharply on the rise, and the evidence shows that Africa may be the new frontier for online sexual predators.”
"Although no studies are showing the scale of online child sexual exploitation and abuse of children across the continent, one survey showed more than 60 per cent of unidentified victims were young children, 65 per cent of them girls," Nyanyuki said.
Chege Ngugi, Africa Regional Director at ChildFund said inadequate laws and services, including fledgling technology-based surveillance and underdeveloped digital forensics capacity, have created a fertile ground for potential sex criminals.
“The key question for African countries is whether or not they are adequately prepared to provide greater protection and safeguarding for children online,” Ngugi said.
Ngugi said that the findings highlighted in three new OSEAC policy briefs from the two organisations is that up to a third of children aged 12-17 in Ethiopia and Mozambique shared personal information with strangers online.
“19 per cent of children aged 9-17 in South Africa and 21 per cent aged 15-17 in Uganda received unwanted online requests to talk about sex or sexual acts,” it says.
“Up to 13 per cent of 12-17-year-olds in Kenya and Mozambique were threatened or blackmailed to engage in sexual activities online,” Ngugi said.
While one-third of 9-17-year-olds in South Africa and over a quarter of 12-17-year-olds in Mozambique went onto a face-to-face said that seven per cent of children shared sexualised images of themselves online, meeting after an online contact.
“The impact of sexual abuse and exploitation of children - whether physical or online - is enormous,” Nyanyuki said.
Nyanyuki said that Children are being severely damaged physically, psychologically and socially.
"Victims of online child sexual exploitation and abuse often report experiencing feelings of anxiety, guilt and shame, loss of self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance and alcohol abuse and depression,” Nyanyuki said.
The policy briefings also detail the multiple types of OSEAC perpetrator and the channels they use for their criminal activities.
“The factors that drive OSEAC in Africa are very similar to those in other parts of the world,” Ngugi said.
Ngugi said that Africa is the continent with the fast-growing number of internet users - a generally lawless space which encourages criminals to commit these crimes without fear of detection and prosecution.
"We urge technology companies to take decisive action in detecting, reporting, and swiftly removing child sexual abuse materials from their platforms," Ngugi said.
Ngugi said that the two organisations identify multiple criminal pathways to OSEAC in Africa, including the production, distribution and possession of child pornography, online grooming of children, and sexting.
Others include the sexual extortion of children (‘sextortion’), revenge pornography, commercial sexual exploitation, online child prostitution, and the live streaming of sexual abuse.
“Across Africa, different policy measures have been designed and implemented to strengthen existing child protection systems and better protect children online,” Ngugi said.
He said that the progress is still hampered by limited evidence and understanding of online sexual abuse and exploitation of children, lack of effective regulations and limited technological capabilities.